You will learn that all objects are made of matter, and that different objects are made of different types of matter or materials. These different properties will be explained by studying material’s microscopic structure (the small parts that make up the material which are in constant motion).
You will also explore the smallest building blocks of matter, atoms, their unique properties and how they interact and combine with other atoms. You will as well explore the link between the arrangement of particles and the change of matter’s state.
" />kinetic energy of particles
CONTENT:
You will learn that all objects are made of matter, and that different objects are made of different types of matter or materials. These different properties will be explained by studying material’s microscopic structure (the small parts that make up the material which are in constant motion).
You will also explore the smallest building blocks of matter, atoms, their unique properties and how they interact and combine with other atoms. You will as well explore the link between the arrangement of particles and the change of matter’s state.
">kinetic energy of particles
CONTENT:
You will learn that all objects are made of matter, and that different objects are made of different types of matter or materials. These different properties will be explained by studying material’s microscopic structure (the small parts that make up the material which are in constant motion).
You will also explore the smallest building blocks of matter, atoms, their unique properties and how they interact and combine with other atoms. You will as well explore the link between the arrangement of particles and the change of matter’s state.
Describe qualitatively the molecular model of matter.
Explain changes of state in terms of the kinetic theory of matter.
EXPECTED KNOWLEDGE
The definition of kinetic theory: Matter is made up of discrete individual particles that are continuous in random motionMotion is the act of changing location from one place to ano... More.
Structure of matter (solid, liquid, gases) and intermolecular forces: e.g. cohesive and adhesive
Change of state of matter in relation to kinetic theory and the kinetic energy of particles
CONTENT:
You will learn that all objects are made of matter, and that different objects are made of different types of matter or materials. These different properties will be explained by studying material’s microscopic structure (the small parts that make up the materialMaterial or Matter is anything which has mass and occupies s... More which are in constant motionMotion is the act of changing location from one place to ano... More).
You will also explore the smallest building blocks of matter, atoms, their unique properties and how they interact and combine with other atoms. You will as well explore the link between the arrangement of particles and the change of matter’s state.
Describe qualitatively the molecular model of matter.
Explain changes of state in terms of the kinetic theory of matter.
Apply kinetic theory to explain rates of diffusion, Brownian motion, evaporation and cooling effect of evaporation.
Apply the kinetic theory to explain gas pressure.
Course Content
1.1. ASSUMPTIONS OF KINETIC THEORY
oThe kinetic theory of matter states that:
oall matter is composed of particles which have a certain amount of energy, which allows them to move at different speeds depending on the temperature (energy);
othere are spaces between the particles and also attractive forces between particles when they come close together.
oThese spaces and forces acting between particles of matter determine its state.
oMatter exists in one of three states: solid, liquid and gas.
(i)a solid has a fixed shape and volume;
(ii)a liquid takes on the shape of the container that it is in;
(iii)a gas completely fills the containers that it is in.
oMatter can change between these states by either adding heat or removing heat, which in turn accelerates or slows down the particles motion.
oThe kinetic molecular theory of matter can be used to explain the thermal energy, temperature, and changes of state of a substance.
oMelting, boiling, freezing, condensation and sublimation are processes that take place when matter changes state.
ounderstanding the kinetic theory will help to explain the macroscopic properties of matter, and why substances have different boiling points, densities, viscosities, cooling effect of evaporation and gas pressure.
ASSUMPTIONS OF KINETIC THEORY
00:00
MOLECULAR MODEL OF MATTER
States of matter
Matter exists in the three states of solids, liquids and gas. The physical difference between these three states lies in the arrangement and behaviour of their molecules.
These differences can be explained in terms of the Kinetic Theory Model which states that:
•Matter is made up of very small particles called molecules
•These molecules are in constant motion
•The degree of movement which is the measure of kinetic energy depends upon the temperature.
The higher the temperature, the faster the molecules move and therefore the higher the kinetic energy.
Notice that the heat energy of a substance is the total kinetic energy of all the molecules or atoms of that substance.
States of matter
00:00
APPLICATION OF ASSUMPTIONS OF KINETIC THEORY
Specific outcomes
•Apply kinetic theory to explain rates of diffusion, Brownian motion, evaporation and cooling effect of evaporation.
•Apply the kinetic theory to explain gas pressure.
CONTENT
The kinetic theory of matter will guide in understanding the various properties and behaviour observed in the matter which include the diffusion and its rate in different substances, evaporation and its effect on cooling of the substance, Brownian motion as well as the pressure in gas.
KNOWLEDGE
•Use of kinetic theory as in Rate of diffusion, Brownian motion, evaporation and cooling effect of evaporation in terms of kinetic theory
•Kinetic theory in gas pressure (compressing a gas in a cylinder)
